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anti afp  (Proteintech)


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    Structured Review

    Proteintech anti afp
    Anti Afp, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 111 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/anti+afp/AFP+Antibody/pm41750558-143-17-18
    Average 94 stars, based on 111 article reviews
    anti afp - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    94/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Blocking Assay:

    Article Title: Black Sesame Pigment Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Modulation of the Gut-Liver Axis and HIF-1 Signaling Pathway.
    Article Snippet: These were deparaffinized and rehydrated, followed by staining for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) or antigen retrieval in sub-boiling 10 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 7.4) for 10 min. For IF, slides were permeabilized in 0.5% Triton X-100 (Macklin, Shanghai, China) in PBS and blocked in 1% goat serum in PBS for 30 min at room temperature. .. After blocking, the slides were incubated with anti-ALB (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA, 16475-1-AP, 1:250 for IF) or anti-AFP (Proteintech, 14550-1-AP, 1:250 for IF) overnight in a humidified chamber at 4 ◦C. .. Sections were washed with PBS (three times for 5 min each) and incubated with Alexa Fluor secondary antibodies (Proteintech, CTK0101, 1:400 for IF) for 1 h. After washing with PBS, the slides were mounted with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.

    Article Title: Black Sesame Pigment Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Modulation of the Gut–Liver Axis and HIF-1 Signaling Pathway
    Article Snippet: These were deparaffinized and rehydrated, followed by staining for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) or antigen retrieval in sub-boiling 10 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 7.4) for 10 min. For IF, slides were permeabilized in 0.5% Triton X-100 (Macklin, Shanghai, China) in PBS and blocked in 1% goat serum in PBS for 30 min at room temperature. .. After blocking, the slides were incubated with anti-ALB (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA, 16475-1-AP, 1:250 for IF) or anti-AFP (Proteintech, 14550-1-AP, 1:250 for IF) overnight in a humidified chamber at 4 °C. .. Sections were washed with PBS (three times for 5 min each) and incubated with Alexa Fluor secondary antibodies (Proteintech, CTK0101, 1:400 for IF) for 1 h. After washing with PBS, the slides were mounted with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Black Sesame Pigment Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Modulation of the Gut-Liver Axis and HIF-1 Signaling Pathway.
    Article Snippet: These were deparaffinized and rehydrated, followed by staining for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) or antigen retrieval in sub-boiling 10 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 7.4) for 10 min. For IF, slides were permeabilized in 0.5% Triton X-100 (Macklin, Shanghai, China) in PBS and blocked in 1% goat serum in PBS for 30 min at room temperature. .. After blocking, the slides were incubated with anti-ALB (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA, 16475-1-AP, 1:250 for IF) or anti-AFP (Proteintech, 14550-1-AP, 1:250 for IF) overnight in a humidified chamber at 4 ◦C. .. Sections were washed with PBS (three times for 5 min each) and incubated with Alexa Fluor secondary antibodies (Proteintech, CTK0101, 1:400 for IF) for 1 h. After washing with PBS, the slides were mounted with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.

    Article Title: Ursolic acid suppresses fatty liver-associated hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating lipid metabolism
    Article Snippet: .. The sections were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4 ◦C, including anti-AFP (14550-1-AP, 1:200, Proteintech, USA), anti-GP73 (66331-1-Ig, 1:200, Proteintech, USA), anti-α-SMA (19245S, 1:100, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-ki-67 (34330SF, 1:100, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-PPARα (66826-1-Ig, 1:100, Proteintech, USA), anti-ACOX1 (10957-1-AP, 1:100, Proteintech, USA), anti-SREBP1c (ab28481, 1:100, Abcam, UK), anti-SCD1 (ab236868, 1:2000, Abcam, UK). ..

    Article Title: Black Sesame Pigment Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Modulation of the Gut–Liver Axis and HIF-1 Signaling Pathway
    Article Snippet: These were deparaffinized and rehydrated, followed by staining for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) or antigen retrieval in sub-boiling 10 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 7.4) for 10 min. For IF, slides were permeabilized in 0.5% Triton X-100 (Macklin, Shanghai, China) in PBS and blocked in 1% goat serum in PBS for 30 min at room temperature. .. After blocking, the slides were incubated with anti-ALB (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA, 16475-1-AP, 1:250 for IF) or anti-AFP (Proteintech, 14550-1-AP, 1:250 for IF) overnight in a humidified chamber at 4 °C. .. Sections were washed with PBS (three times for 5 min each) and incubated with Alexa Fluor secondary antibodies (Proteintech, CTK0101, 1:400 for IF) for 1 h. After washing with PBS, the slides were mounted with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.

    Article Title: Inhibition of liver cancer cell growth by metabolites S-adenosylmethionine and nicotinic acid originating from liver progenitor cells
    Article Snippet: .. For IF, cells were incubated with primary antibodies as follows: anti-E-cadherin (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-Ki67, anti-TOM20 (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-AFP (Proteintech, USA), anti-DARS2 (Proteintech, USA), anti-COX IV (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-COX I (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-P-STAT3 (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-P-JAK1 (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-Notch1 (Abcam, England) and anti-Jagged1 (Proteintech, USA). ..

    Article Title: Inhibition of liver cancer cell growth by metabolites S-adenosylmethionine and nicotinic acid originating from liver progenitor cells.
    Article Snippet: .. For IF, cells were incubated with primary antibodies as follows: anti-E-cadherin (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-Ki67, anti-TOM20 (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-AFP (Proteintech, USA), anti-DARS2 (Proteintech, USA), anti-COX IV (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-COX I (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-P-STAT3 (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-P-JAK1 (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-Notch1 (Abcam, England) and anti-Jagged1 (Proteintech, USA). ..

    Immunohistochemistry:

    Article Title: Glucose starvation mimetic aldometanib removes immune barriers permitting mice with hepatocellular carcinoma to live to normal ages.
    Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-phospho-AMPKα-Thr172 (Cat# 2535, RRID: AB_331250; 1:1000 dilution for immunoblotting (IB)), anti-AMPKα (Cat# 2532, RRID: AB_330331; 1:1000 for IB), anti-phospho-ACC-Ser79 (Cat# 3661, RRID: AB_330337; 1:1000 for IB), anti-ACC (Cat# 3662, RRID: AB_2219400; 1:1000 for IB), anti-phospho-p70 S6K-Thr389 (Cat# 9234, RRID: AB_2269803; 1:1000 for IB), anti-p70 S6K (Cat# 2708, RRID: AB_390722; 1:1000 for IB), anti-PUMA (Cat# 98672, RRID: AB_3096180; 1:1000 for IB), anti-caspase-3 (Cat# 14220, RRID: AB_2798429; 1:1000 for IB), anti-caspase-7 (Cat# 12827, RRID: AB_2687912; 1:1000 for IB), anti-GSDMD (Cat# 39754, RRID: AB_2916333; 1:1000 for IB), anti-Ki-67 (Cat# 12202, RRID: AB_2620142; 1:200 for IHC staining), anti-mTOR (Cat# 2972, RRID: AB_330978; 1:1000 for IB), anti-TCF1/ TCF7-Alexa Fluor (Cat# 6709, RRID: AB_2797631; 1:100 for flow cytometry (F)), and mouse anti-caspase-9 (Cat# 9508, RRID: AB_2068620; 1:1000 for IB) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. .. Rabbit antitubulin (Cat# 10068-1-AP, RRID: AB_2303998; 1:1000 for IB), anti-GSDME (Cat# 13075-1-AP, RRID: AB_2093053; 1:1000 for IB), anti-AFP (Cat# 14550- 1-AP, RRID: AB_2223933; 1:100 for IHC), anti-CXCL9 (Cat# 22355-1-AP, RRID: AB_2879086; 1:500 for IHC), anti-ALDOA (Cat# 11217-1-AP, RRID: AB_2224626; 1:5000 for IB), anti-ALDOB (Cat# 18065-1-AP, RRID: AB_2273968; 1:2000 for IB), and anti-CXCL10 (Cat# 10937-1-AP, RRID: AB_2088002; 1:200 for IHC) antibodies were purchased from Proteintech. .. Rabbit anti-CXCL11 (Cat# orb13425, RRID: AB_10749546; 1:100 for IHC) was purchased from Biorbyt.

    Article Title: Glucose starvation mimetic aldometanib removes immune barriers permitting mice with hepatocellular carcinoma to live to normal ages
    Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-phospho-AMPKα-Thr172 (Cat# 2535, RRID: AB_331250; 1:1000 dilution for immunoblotting (IB)), anti-AMPKα (Cat# 2532, RRID: AB_330331; 1:1000 for IB), anti-phospho-ACC-Ser79 (Cat# 3661, RRID: AB_330337; 1:1000 for IB), anti-ACC (Cat# 3662, RRID: AB_2219400; 1:1000 for IB), anti-phospho-p70 S6K-Thr389 (Cat# 9234, RRID: AB_2269803; 1:1000 for IB), anti-p70 S6K (Cat# 2708, RRID: AB_390722; 1:1000 for IB), anti-PUMA (Cat# 98672, RRID: AB_3096180; 1:1000 for IB), anti-caspase-3 (Cat# 14220, RRID: AB_2798429; 1:1000 for IB), anti-caspase-7 (Cat# 12827, RRID: AB_2687912; 1:1000 for IB), anti-GSDMD (Cat# 39754, RRID: AB_2916333; 1:1000 for IB), anti-Ki-67 (Cat# 12202, RRID: AB_2620142; 1:200 for IHC staining), anti-mTOR (Cat# 2972, RRID: AB_330978; 1:1000 for IB), anti-TCF1/TCF7-Alexa Fluor (Cat# 6709, RRID: AB_2797631; 1:100 for flow cytometry (F)), and mouse anti-caspase-9 (Cat# 9508, RRID: AB_2068620; 1:1000 for IB) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. .. Rabbit anti-tubulin (Cat# 10068-1-AP, RRID: AB_2303998; 1:1000 for IB), anti-GSDME (Cat# 13075-1-AP, RRID: AB_2093053; 1:1000 for IB), anti-AFP (Cat# 14550-1-AP, RRID: AB_2223933; 1:100 for IHC), anti-CXCL9 (Cat# 22355-1-AP, RRID: AB_2879086; 1:500 for IHC), anti-ALDOA (Cat# 11217-1-AP, RRID: AB_2224626; 1:5000 for IB), anti-ALDOB (Cat# 18065-1-AP, RRID: AB_2273968; 1:2000 for IB), and anti-CXCL10 (Cat# 10937-1-AP, RRID: AB_2088002; 1:200 for IHC) antibodies were purchased from Proteintech. .. Rabbit anti-CXCL11 (Cat# orb13425, RRID: AB_10749546; 1:100 for IHC) was purchased from Biorbyt.

    Article Title: Syngeneic mouse model of YES-driven metastatic and proliferative hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: Commercial antibodies for western blotting were obtained from the following suppliers: anti-YES (610375; 1/1000) from BD Biosciences-Pharmingen; anti-SRC (32G6; 1/1000), anti-FAK (3285; 1/1000), anti-phospho-FAK (Y925) (3284; 1/1000), anti-ERK1/2 (137F5; 1/1000), anti-phospho-SFK (Y416) (6943; 1/1000), anti-phospho-ERK (T202/Y204) (E10; 1/1000), antiphospho-AKT (S473) (D9E; 1/1000), anti-AKT (9272; 1/1000), antiphospho-STAT3 (Y705) (D3A7; 1/1000), anti-STAT3 (124H6; 1/1000) and anti-YAP/TAZ (D24E4; 1/1000) from Cell Signaling Technology; antiHsc70 (B-6; 1/2000) and anti-cyclin D1 (R-124; 1/500) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; anti-c-Myc (Y69; 1/1000), anti-Sox9 (82630; 1/1000) and anti-Hnf4a (ab181604; 1/500) fromAbcam; anti-β-catenin (2337-1; 1/2000) from Epitomics; and anti-glutamine synthetase (610517; 1/500) from Pharmingen. .. Antibodies for IHC were obtained from the following suppliers: anti-phospho-SFK (Y416) (2101; 1/100 for 60 min), anti-Sox9 (82630; 1/150 for 60 min), anti-α-SMA (19245; 1/200 for 30 min), antiCD8 (98941; 1/200 for 30 min) and anti-FoxP3 (12653; 1/400 for 30 min) from Cell Signaling Technology; HepPar1 (ab190706; 1/2000 for 15 min), anti-Krt19 (ab52625; 1/400 for 30 min) and anti-CD4 (ab183685; 1/1000 for 30 min) from Abcam; anti-AFP (14550-1-AP; 1/100 for 60 min) from Proteintech; anti-B220 (14-0452-82; 1/200 for 15 min) from Invitrogen; and anti-F4/80 (MCA497R; 1/100 for 30 min) from Bio-Rad. .. C57BL/6J and NSG mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory.

    IF-cells:

    Article Title: Inhibition of liver cancer cell growth by metabolites S-adenosylmethionine and nicotinic acid originating from liver progenitor cells
    Article Snippet: .. For IF, cells were incubated with primary antibodies as follows: anti-E-cadherin (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-Ki67, anti-TOM20 (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-AFP (Proteintech, USA), anti-DARS2 (Proteintech, USA), anti-COX IV (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-COX I (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-P-STAT3 (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-P-JAK1 (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-Notch1 (Abcam, England) and anti-Jagged1 (Proteintech, USA). ..

    Article Title: Inhibition of liver cancer cell growth by metabolites S-adenosylmethionine and nicotinic acid originating from liver progenitor cells.
    Article Snippet: .. For IF, cells were incubated with primary antibodies as follows: anti-E-cadherin (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-Ki67, anti-TOM20 (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-AFP (Proteintech, USA), anti-DARS2 (Proteintech, USA), anti-COX IV (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-COX I (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-P-STAT3 (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-P-JAK1 (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), anti-Notch1 (Abcam, England) and anti-Jagged1 (Proteintech, USA). ..



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    Image Search Results


    Expression of AFP and LDHA in HCC patient tissues and their correlation. a Microarray matrix of tumor tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues from 30 HCC patients. b Immunohistochemistry images of AFP expression in tumor tissues versus adjacent tissues (left); Statistical analysis of AFP expression differences between tumor and adjacent tissues (right). c Immunohistochemistry images of LDHA expression in tumor tissues versus adjacent tissues (left); Statistical analysis of LDHA expression differences between tumor and corresponding adjacent tissues (right); Scale bar in magnified images represents 50 µm; * P < 0.05, indicating statistically significant differences. d Correlation between AFP and LDHA in HCC patient tissues analyzed by bivariate correlation using SPSS 26.0, with correlation coefficient r 2 = 0.7162, P < 0.0001

    Journal: Discover Oncology

    Article Title: AFP confers the resistance of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating PI3K/AKT/LDHA signaling axis

    doi: 10.1007/s12672-026-04637-6

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of AFP and LDHA in HCC patient tissues and their correlation. a Microarray matrix of tumor tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues from 30 HCC patients. b Immunohistochemistry images of AFP expression in tumor tissues versus adjacent tissues (left); Statistical analysis of AFP expression differences between tumor and adjacent tissues (right). c Immunohistochemistry images of LDHA expression in tumor tissues versus adjacent tissues (left); Statistical analysis of LDHA expression differences between tumor and corresponding adjacent tissues (right); Scale bar in magnified images represents 50 µm; * P < 0.05, indicating statistically significant differences. d Correlation between AFP and LDHA in HCC patient tissues analyzed by bivariate correlation using SPSS 26.0, with correlation coefficient r 2 = 0.7162, P < 0.0001

    Article Snippet: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Gibco (USA); 0.25% trypsin digestion solution was obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); lenvatinib and LY294002 inhibitors were purchased from MedChemExpress(USA); AFP, HK2, LDHA, PI3K, and AKT antibodies were acquired from Abcam (USA); PKM2, P-gp, Bcl-2, and PFK1 antibodies were purchased from Proteintech(USA); and glucose and lactic acid test kits were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute(Nanjing, China).

    Techniques: Expressing, Microarray, Immunohistochemistry

    The effects of AFP on the proliferation and drug resistance of liver cancer cell lines. a The efficiency of lentiviral infection in cells was observed under fluorescence microscopy; Western blotting analysis was performed to examine the expression of AFP before and after transfection in cells. Images were captured at 100 × magnification, with a scale bar length of 100 µm. b Different concentrations of lenvatinib were applied to three groups of cells: HuH-7, HuH-7-shNC, and HuH-7-shAFP, as well as HLE, HLE-NC, and HLE-AFP. After 6 days, the cell inhibition rate was evaluated using the MTT assay. c Cells were treated with 10 µM lenvatinib, and colony formation assays were conducted to assess proliferation. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. N = 3

    Journal: Discover Oncology

    Article Title: AFP confers the resistance of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating PI3K/AKT/LDHA signaling axis

    doi: 10.1007/s12672-026-04637-6

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of AFP on the proliferation and drug resistance of liver cancer cell lines. a The efficiency of lentiviral infection in cells was observed under fluorescence microscopy; Western blotting analysis was performed to examine the expression of AFP before and after transfection in cells. Images were captured at 100 × magnification, with a scale bar length of 100 µm. b Different concentrations of lenvatinib were applied to three groups of cells: HuH-7, HuH-7-shNC, and HuH-7-shAFP, as well as HLE, HLE-NC, and HLE-AFP. After 6 days, the cell inhibition rate was evaluated using the MTT assay. c Cells were treated with 10 µM lenvatinib, and colony formation assays were conducted to assess proliferation. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. N = 3

    Article Snippet: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Gibco (USA); 0.25% trypsin digestion solution was obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); lenvatinib and LY294002 inhibitors were purchased from MedChemExpress(USA); AFP, HK2, LDHA, PI3K, and AKT antibodies were acquired from Abcam (USA); PKM2, P-gp, Bcl-2, and PFK1 antibodies were purchased from Proteintech(USA); and glucose and lactic acid test kits were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute(Nanjing, China).

    Techniques: Infection, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Western Blot, Expressing, Transfection, Inhibition, MTT Assay

    The effect of AFP on liver cancer cell apoptosis under lenvatinib treatment. a Apoptosis of HuH-7 cells without treatment and with 10 µM lenvatinib before and after AFP expression interference; apoptosis of HLE cells without treatment and with 10 µM lenvatinib before and after AFP overexpression, detected by TUNEL assay. b Cell viability assessed by trypan blue staining, where white cells indicated by black arrows represent live cells and blue cells indicated by red arrows represent dead cells. c Western blotting analysis of apoptosis-related protein expression, the below bar chart represents the statistical analysis of the gray-scale scan values of protein bands. Images were captured at 200 × magnification, with a scale bar length of 50 µm; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. N = 3

    Journal: Discover Oncology

    Article Title: AFP confers the resistance of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating PI3K/AKT/LDHA signaling axis

    doi: 10.1007/s12672-026-04637-6

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of AFP on liver cancer cell apoptosis under lenvatinib treatment. a Apoptosis of HuH-7 cells without treatment and with 10 µM lenvatinib before and after AFP expression interference; apoptosis of HLE cells without treatment and with 10 µM lenvatinib before and after AFP overexpression, detected by TUNEL assay. b Cell viability assessed by trypan blue staining, where white cells indicated by black arrows represent live cells and blue cells indicated by red arrows represent dead cells. c Western blotting analysis of apoptosis-related protein expression, the below bar chart represents the statistical analysis of the gray-scale scan values of protein bands. Images were captured at 200 × magnification, with a scale bar length of 50 µm; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. N = 3

    Article Snippet: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Gibco (USA); 0.25% trypsin digestion solution was obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); lenvatinib and LY294002 inhibitors were purchased from MedChemExpress(USA); AFP, HK2, LDHA, PI3K, and AKT antibodies were acquired from Abcam (USA); PKM2, P-gp, Bcl-2, and PFK1 antibodies were purchased from Proteintech(USA); and glucose and lactic acid test kits were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute(Nanjing, China).

    Techniques: Expressing, Over Expression, TUNEL Assay, Staining, Western Blot

    The influence of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in AFP-regulated LDHA-mediated Warburg effect progression. a KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of AFP-related genes in HCC, showing a significant positive correlation between AFP and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway ( P = 0.035). b – e Western blotting analysis of changes in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and glycolysis-related protein expression in HuH-7 cells before and after interfered the expression of AFP, as well as in HLE cells before and after AFP overexpression, following treatment with the PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 for 12 h, the right bar chart represents the statistical analysis of the gray-scale scan values of protein bands. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. N = 3

    Journal: Discover Oncology

    Article Title: AFP confers the resistance of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating PI3K/AKT/LDHA signaling axis

    doi: 10.1007/s12672-026-04637-6

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The influence of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in AFP-regulated LDHA-mediated Warburg effect progression. a KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of AFP-related genes in HCC, showing a significant positive correlation between AFP and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway ( P = 0.035). b – e Western blotting analysis of changes in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and glycolysis-related protein expression in HuH-7 cells before and after interfered the expression of AFP, as well as in HLE cells before and after AFP overexpression, following treatment with the PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 for 12 h, the right bar chart represents the statistical analysis of the gray-scale scan values of protein bands. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. N = 3

    Article Snippet: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Gibco (USA); 0.25% trypsin digestion solution was obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); lenvatinib and LY294002 inhibitors were purchased from MedChemExpress(USA); AFP, HK2, LDHA, PI3K, and AKT antibodies were acquired from Abcam (USA); PKM2, P-gp, Bcl-2, and PFK1 antibodies were purchased from Proteintech(USA); and glucose and lactic acid test kits were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute(Nanjing, China).

    Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Over Expression

    The impact of LDHA on lenvatinib resistance in HCC cells regulated by AFP. a Stable liver cancer cell lines with LDHA overexpression (left) and LDHA knockdown (right) were established. Western blotting assay was performed to verify the stable transfection, the right bar chart represents the statistical analysis of the gray-scale scan values of protein bands. b Cell inhibition rates of HuH-7-shNC, HuH-7-shAFP, HuH-7-shAFP-LDHA cells and HLE-NC, HLE-AFP, HLE-AFP-shLDHA cells after 6 days of treatment with different concentrations of lenvatinib. c Colony formation assay evaluating the clonogenic ability of cells treated with 10 µM lenvatinib. Images were captured at 100 × magnification with a scale bar of 100 µm; 0.05, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. N = 3 " width="100%" height="100%">

    Journal: Discover Oncology

    Article Title: AFP confers the resistance of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating PI3K/AKT/LDHA signaling axis

    doi: 10.1007/s12672-026-04637-6

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The impact of LDHA on lenvatinib resistance in HCC cells regulated by AFP. a Stable liver cancer cell lines with LDHA overexpression (left) and LDHA knockdown (right) were established. Western blotting assay was performed to verify the stable transfection, the right bar chart represents the statistical analysis of the gray-scale scan values of protein bands. b Cell inhibition rates of HuH-7-shNC, HuH-7-shAFP, HuH-7-shAFP-LDHA cells and HLE-NC, HLE-AFP, HLE-AFP-shLDHA cells after 6 days of treatment with different concentrations of lenvatinib. c Colony formation assay evaluating the clonogenic ability of cells treated with 10 µM lenvatinib. Images were captured at 100 × magnification with a scale bar of 100 µm; "ns" indicates P > 0.05, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. N = 3

    Article Snippet: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Gibco (USA); 0.25% trypsin digestion solution was obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); lenvatinib and LY294002 inhibitors were purchased from MedChemExpress(USA); AFP, HK2, LDHA, PI3K, and AKT antibodies were acquired from Abcam (USA); PKM2, P-gp, Bcl-2, and PFK1 antibodies were purchased from Proteintech(USA); and glucose and lactic acid test kits were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute(Nanjing, China).

    Techniques: Over Expression, Knockdown, Western Blot, Stable Transfection, Inhibition, Colony Assay

    The effect of LDHA on AFP-regulated lenvatinib-induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells. a Apoptosis of HuH-7-shNC, HuH-7-shAFP, and HuH-7-shAFP-LDHA cells treated with either no drug or 10 µM lenvatinib; apoptosis of HLE-NC, HLE-AFP, and HLE-AFP-shLDHA cells treated with either no drug or 10 µM lenvatinib, as detected by TUNEL assay. b Cell viability of each group measured by trypan blue staining; white cells indicated by black arrows represent live cells, while blue cells indicated by red arrows represent dead cells. c Expression of drug resistance-rlated protein P-gp and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting, the right bar chart represents the statistical analysis of the gray-scale scan values of protein bands. Magnification: 200 × , scale bar: 50 µm; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. N = 3

    Journal: Discover Oncology

    Article Title: AFP confers the resistance of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating PI3K/AKT/LDHA signaling axis

    doi: 10.1007/s12672-026-04637-6

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of LDHA on AFP-regulated lenvatinib-induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells. a Apoptosis of HuH-7-shNC, HuH-7-shAFP, and HuH-7-shAFP-LDHA cells treated with either no drug or 10 µM lenvatinib; apoptosis of HLE-NC, HLE-AFP, and HLE-AFP-shLDHA cells treated with either no drug or 10 µM lenvatinib, as detected by TUNEL assay. b Cell viability of each group measured by trypan blue staining; white cells indicated by black arrows represent live cells, while blue cells indicated by red arrows represent dead cells. c Expression of drug resistance-rlated protein P-gp and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting, the right bar chart represents the statistical analysis of the gray-scale scan values of protein bands. Magnification: 200 × , scale bar: 50 µm; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. N = 3

    Article Snippet: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Gibco (USA); 0.25% trypsin digestion solution was obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); lenvatinib and LY294002 inhibitors were purchased from MedChemExpress(USA); AFP, HK2, LDHA, PI3K, and AKT antibodies were acquired from Abcam (USA); PKM2, P-gp, Bcl-2, and PFK1 antibodies were purchased from Proteintech(USA); and glucose and lactic acid test kits were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute(Nanjing, China).

    Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Staining, Expressing, Western Blot

    The schematic diagram of AFP activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway leading to liver cancer cells' tolerance to lenvatinib. AFP activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, stimulating the expression of glucose metabolism reprogramming key enzymes, LDHA, PKM2, HK2 and PFK1 regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α), and promoting the production of lactic acid in HCC cells. AFP can also promote the expression of P-pg and Bcl-2. Lactic acid, synergizes with P-gp and Bcl-2, inhibits the killing effect of lenvatinib on liver cancer cells

    Journal: Discover Oncology

    Article Title: AFP confers the resistance of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating PI3K/AKT/LDHA signaling axis

    doi: 10.1007/s12672-026-04637-6

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The schematic diagram of AFP activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway leading to liver cancer cells' tolerance to lenvatinib. AFP activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, stimulating the expression of glucose metabolism reprogramming key enzymes, LDHA, PKM2, HK2 and PFK1 regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α), and promoting the production of lactic acid in HCC cells. AFP can also promote the expression of P-pg and Bcl-2. Lactic acid, synergizes with P-gp and Bcl-2, inhibits the killing effect of lenvatinib on liver cancer cells

    Article Snippet: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Gibco (USA); 0.25% trypsin digestion solution was obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); lenvatinib and LY294002 inhibitors were purchased from MedChemExpress(USA); AFP, HK2, LDHA, PI3K, and AKT antibodies were acquired from Abcam (USA); PKM2, P-gp, Bcl-2, and PFK1 antibodies were purchased from Proteintech(USA); and glucose and lactic acid test kits were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute(Nanjing, China).

    Techniques: Expressing

    Evaluation of the differentiation potency of the six MSA patient-derived iPSC lines, using two different functional assays that differ in the developmental time: (A) early-stage and (B) late-stage in the induction of all the three embryonic germ layers. (A) Schematic representation of the early-stage method, in which iPSCs were singularized, cultured as a monolayer, and treated with defined differentiation commercial mediums. This protocol is based on the STEMdiff™ Trilineage Differentiation Kit. (B) Schematic representation of the late-stage method, in which embryoid bodies were generated, grown during 2–3 days, transferred in adherent conditions, and treated with defined home-made differentiation mediums. The differentiation potential was established (A) within 1 week or (B) after 4 weeks. (C-E) Representative three-channel immunofluorescence imaging and the corresponding merged obtained using the (A) method and the MSA01 cell line, (C) PAX6 combined with NES as ectoderm markers; (D) SOX17 combined with FOXA2 as endoderm markers; and (E) Brachyury (TBXT) combined with NCAM1 as mesoderm markers. (F) All early ectodermal (PAX6 and NES), (G) endodermal (SOX17 and FOXA2), and (H) mesodermal (TBXT and NCAM1) lineage markers were homogeneously and highly expressed in the six MSA patient-derived iPSC line. (I-K) Equivalently, all late markers were detected. (I) The ectoderm derivative showed cells extending projections and ubiquitously expressing the β-tubulin III (TUBB3) protein. Some of these cells were assembled as neural rosettes. (J) The induction of the endoderm was confirmed by the expression of α-fetoprotein (AFP), revealing a single layered cup-shaped epithelium. (K) For the mesodermal differentiation, cells expressed α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2), exhibiting the distinctive contractile stress fibrils. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI in (C-K) . Scale bars (C-K) 20 µm.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: Generation and characterization of human induced pluripotent stem cells from neuropathologically confirmed multiple system atrophy patient-derived fibroblasts

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1641981

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of the differentiation potency of the six MSA patient-derived iPSC lines, using two different functional assays that differ in the developmental time: (A) early-stage and (B) late-stage in the induction of all the three embryonic germ layers. (A) Schematic representation of the early-stage method, in which iPSCs were singularized, cultured as a monolayer, and treated with defined differentiation commercial mediums. This protocol is based on the STEMdiff™ Trilineage Differentiation Kit. (B) Schematic representation of the late-stage method, in which embryoid bodies were generated, grown during 2–3 days, transferred in adherent conditions, and treated with defined home-made differentiation mediums. The differentiation potential was established (A) within 1 week or (B) after 4 weeks. (C-E) Representative three-channel immunofluorescence imaging and the corresponding merged obtained using the (A) method and the MSA01 cell line, (C) PAX6 combined with NES as ectoderm markers; (D) SOX17 combined with FOXA2 as endoderm markers; and (E) Brachyury (TBXT) combined with NCAM1 as mesoderm markers. (F) All early ectodermal (PAX6 and NES), (G) endodermal (SOX17 and FOXA2), and (H) mesodermal (TBXT and NCAM1) lineage markers were homogeneously and highly expressed in the six MSA patient-derived iPSC line. (I-K) Equivalently, all late markers were detected. (I) The ectoderm derivative showed cells extending projections and ubiquitously expressing the β-tubulin III (TUBB3) protein. Some of these cells were assembled as neural rosettes. (J) The induction of the endoderm was confirmed by the expression of α-fetoprotein (AFP), revealing a single layered cup-shaped epithelium. (K) For the mesodermal differentiation, cells expressed α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2), exhibiting the distinctive contractile stress fibrils. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI in (C-K) . Scale bars (C-K) 20 µm.

    Article Snippet: The primary antibody used to assess endoderm was alpha fetoprotein (AFP; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:50); for mesoderm, actin alpha 2 smooth muscle (ACTA2; Abcam, 1:100); and for ectoderm, tubulin beta 3 class III (TUBB3; Sigma-Aldrich, 1:500).

    Techniques: Derivative Assay, Functional Assay, Cell Culture, Generated, Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Expressing